Experiments with alternate currents of high potential and high frequency

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Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency  (1892) 
by Nikola Tesla

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A LECTURE DELIVERED BEFORE THE

INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, LONDON.

Content[edit]

  • Biographical Sketch of Nikola Tesla.
  • Lecture

Experiments with alternate currents of high potential and high frequency

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1927. It may be copyrighted outside the U.S. (see Help:Public domain).

Experiments with alternate currents of high potential and high frequency

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Wildside Press, 2006 - Science - 120 pages

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A short time ago I had the honor to bring before our American Institute of Electrical Engineers some results then arrived at by me in a novel line of work. I need not assure you that the many evidences which I have received that English scientific men and engineers were interested in this work have been for me a great reward and encouragement. I will not dwell upon the experiments already described, except with the view of completing, or more clearly expressing, some ideas advanced by me before, and also with the view of rendering the study here presented self-contained, and my remarks on the subject of this evening's lecture consistent.

This investigation, then, it goes without saying, deals with alternating currents, and, to be more precise, with alternating currents of high potential and high frequency. Just in how much a very high frequency is essential for the production of the results presented is a question which, even with my present experience, would embarrass me to answer. Some of the experiments may be performed with low frequencies; but very high frequencies are desirable, not only on account of the many effects secured by their use, but also as a convenient means of obtaining, in the induction apparatus employed, the high potentials, which in their turn are necessary to the demonstration of most of the experiments here contemplated.

Page 31 - ... only be attributed to the fundamental disturbances, which are few in number, for the vibration produced by them would be far too rapid to allow a disruptive break. It is the original and irregular impulses which affect the instruments; the superimposed vibrations probably pass unnoticed. When an ordinary low frequency discharge is passed through moderately rarefied air, the air assumes a purplish hue. If by some means or other we increase the intensity of the molecular, or atomic, vibration,...

Page 94 - ... it would be perhaps preferable to prevent, or at least reduce to the minimum, the bombardment against the globe, as in such case it is, as a rule not the object to excite phosphorescence, and as some loss of energy results from the bombardment. This loss in the bulb is principally dependent on the potential of the impulses and on the electric density on the surface of the electrode. In employing very high frequencies the loss of energy by the bombardment is greatly reduced, for...

Page 5 - We may take — at random, if you choose — any of the many experiments which may be performed with alternating currents ; a few of which only, and by no means the most striking, form the subject of this evening's demonstration : they are all equally interesting, equally inciting to thought. Here is a simple glass tube from which the air has been partially exhausted. I take hold of it ; I bring my body in contact with a wire conveying alternating currents of high potential, and the tube in my hand...

Page 4 - ... to transform, to transmit and direct energy at will. We arrange the circuits properly, and we see the mass of iron and wires behave as though it were endowed with life, spinning a heavy armature, through invisible connections, with great speed and power — with the energy possibly conveyed from a great distance. We observe how the energy of an alternating current traversing the wire manifests itself— not so much in the wire as in the surrounding space — in the most surprising manner, taking...

Page 7 - ... we find as expected, others surprise us, but all captivate our attention, for in scientific investigation each novel result achieved may be the centre of a new departure, each novel fact learned may lead to important developments. Usually in operating an induction coil we have set up a vibration of moderate frequency in the primary, either by means of an interrupter or break, or by the use of an alternator. Earlier English investigators, to mention only Spottiswoode and JEH Gordon, have used...

Page 58 - If static our hopes are in vain; if kinetic-and this we know it is, for certain — then it is a mere question of time when men will succeed in attaching their machinery to the very wheelwork of nature.

Page 12 - It is a brush discharge, which is interesting in more than one respect. Viewed from a near position, it resembles much a jet of gas escaping under great pressure. We know that the phenomenon is due to the agitation of the molecules near the terminal, and we anticipate that some heat must be developed by the impact of the molecules against the terminal or against each other. Indeed, we find that the brush is hot, and only a little thought leads us to the conclusion that, could we but reach sufficiently...

Page 17 - T 1 are also led out of the oil through rubber tubes t1 t1 of great thickness. The primary and secondary layers are insulated by cotton cloth, the thickness of the insulation, of course, bearing some proportion to the difference of potential between the turns of the different layers. Each half of the primary has four layers, 24 turns in each, this giving a total of 96 turns. When both the parts are connected in series, this gives a ratio of conversion of about...

Page 50 - If there is any motion which is measurable going on in the space, such a brush ought to reveal it. It is, so to speak, a beam of light, frictionless, devoid of inertia. I think that it may find practical applications in telegraphy. With such a brush it would be possible to send dispatches across the Atlantic, for instance, with any speed, since its sensitiveness may be so great that the slightest changes will affect it. If it were possible to make the stream more intense and very narrow, its deflections...

Page 45 - Figs. 14, 15 and 16 indicate different forms, or stages, of the brush. Fig. 14 shows the brush as it first appears in a bulb provided with a conducting terminal: but, as in such a bulb it very soon disappears — often after a few minutes — I will confine myself to the description of the phenomenon as seen in a bulb without conducting electrode. It is observed under the following conditions: When the globe L (Figs. 12 and 13) is exhausted to a very high degree, generally the bulb is not excited...

What is Tesla high frequency current used for?

Low amplitude currents at high frequencies are often referred to as "Tesla high frequency current". Since Tesla's days were pre antibiotics his high frequency ozone therapy machines were mostly used for medical purposes, such as for the treatment of infections.

What was Tesla's lifelong obsession?

But these discoveries paled when compared to his discovery of November 1890, when he illuminated a vacuum tube wirelessly—having transmitted energy through the air. This was the beginning of Tesla's lifelong obsession—the wireless transmission of energy.

When was Tesla's high frequency?

In 1891, Tesla unveiled one of his most important inventions, the "Tesla coil," a high-frequency transformer capable of creating very high voltage at low current. He built several variations of his invention.

Are properties of Tesla high frequency current?

A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891. It is used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high frequency alternating-current electricity.