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From Mayo Clinic to your inboxSign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. ErrorEmail field is required ErrorInclude a valid email address Learn more about Mayo Clinic’s use of data.To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. This article explains how spot treatments for acne work and covers four medications commonly used in drugstore acne creams, gels, and lotions. How Acne Spot Treatments WorkOTC spot treatments work by delivering acne-fighting agents directly to a blemish. They only work for minor, surface-level papules (solid, inflamed bumps) and pustules (pus-filled bumps). They won't treat severe blemishes like acne nodules or acne cysts, which form deeper within the skin where the spot treatments can't reach. Spot treatments can help:
Some spot treatments are left on overnight; others dry clear so that you can wear them throughout the day. Others still are tinted to help camouflage red, inflamed pimples. OTC spot treatments are typically dabbed on a pimple once or twice daily. To ensure the best results, always follow the manufacturer's instructions on the product label. There are many different acne spot treatments available, ranging from bargain drugstore finds to expensive "prestige" brands. It really doesn’t matter which you choose as long as it contains one of the four proven acne-fighting active ingredients: benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, sulfur, or adapalene. Benzoyl PeroxideBenzoyl peroxide is the most effective OTC acne treatment around. It helps treat acne in three ways:
Even so, benzoyl peroxide can cause side effects, particularly in people with sensitive skin. These include:
Benzoyl peroxide effects tend to be dose-dependent. To be safe, start by applying just a little dab once a day, gradually increasing to twice a day if your skin can tolerate it. Benzoyl peroxide can also bleach fabrics, so take care when applying the lotion or cream around colored towels, sheets, or clothing. Salicylic AcidSalicylic acid is a type of acid that works best on open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and mild acne. It functions as an exfoliant, meaning that it helps clear dead skin cells from the surface of the skin that contribute to pore blockage. It can also help dry pimples. Depending on the formulation and the concentration of salicylic acid (ranging from 0.5% to 3.0%), you may need to apply the spot remedy one to three times daily. As with benzoyl peroxide, it is best to start slowly and increase gradually as tolerated. Side effects of salicylic acid include:
SulfurSulfur is another ingredient that works best on mild acne, blackheads, and whiteheads. It fights acne by creating a hostile environment for Cutibacterium acnes and other bacteria associated with acne. Its antimicrobial effects, while robust, are not as effective for moderate to severe forms of inflammatory acne. Sulfur tends to be gentler on the skin and may be the ideal choice for people with sensitive skin. You can usually apply a sulfur-based spot treatment two to three times daily. Although they are gentler, sulfur-based spot treatments can cause side effects like:
Differin (Adapalene)Adapalene is the active ingredient of the brand name acne product called Differin. Differin is the only topical retinoid acne treatment available over the counter. Like other topical retinoids, adapalene works by causing surface skin cells to turn over and die rapidly, making way for new skin cell growth. By doing so, pores are less likely to become blocked by dead skin cell debris. Differin comes in a gel formulation and contains 0.3% adapalene. It is approved for use in people over 12 years of age and is applied once daily before bedtime. Side effects of adapalene tend to be mild and may include:
Common Acne Spot Treatment MistakesSpot treatments can be a helpful addition to your acne treatment routine. But you may be using them incorrectly and not even know it. Here are three common mistakes that people make when using OTC acne spot treatments:
When to See a Healthcare ProviderOTC spot treatments are most useful for occasional, localized outbreaks. If you have frequent, widespread, or severe outbreaks, these products may not only underperform but increase skin redness and irritation. If OTC treatments aren’t doing enough to keep you acne-free, it may be time to see a skin specialist known as a dermatologist who can prescribe topical and oral treatments to better resolve hard-to-treat acne. Generally speaking, it is time to see a dermatologist when:
Depending on the type and severity of acne you have, your dermatologist may recommend effective prescription treatments like BenzaClin, Retin-A, or isotretinoin. SummaryThere are numerous over-the-counter (OTC) spot treatments available to help clear or prevent acne. These are applied daily and are best suited to treat blackheads, whiteheads, and mild acne. OTC spot treatments typically contain one of four active ingredients: benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, sulfur, or adapalene. These products work best when used consistently and as prescribed. Frequently Asked Questions
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