Extinction of taxa is difficult to confirm, as a long gap without a sighting is not definitive, but before 1995 a threshold of 50 years without a sighting was used to declare extinction.[1] Show One study found that extinction from habitat loss is the hardest to detect, as this might only fragment populations to the point of concealment from humans. Some mammals declared as extinct may very well reappear.[1] For example, a study found that 36% of purported mammalian extinction had been resolved, while the rest either had validity issues (insufficient evidence) or had been rediscovered.[3] As of December 2015, the IUCN listed 30 mammalian species as "critically endangered (possibly extinct)".[4] All species listed as "Extinct" are classified as being extinct (no known remaining individuals left) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). All species listed as Extinct in the wild are classified as being extinct in the wild, meaning that all remaining individuals of the species reside in captivity. All species listed as "Possibly extinct" are classified as being critically endangered, as it is unknown whether or not these species are extinct.[5] Extinct subspecies such as the Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica)[6] are not listed here as the species, in this case Panthera tigris, is still extant. The IUCN Redlist classification for each species serves as a citation, and the superscripted "IUCN" by the date is a link to that species' page. A range map is provided wherever available, and a description of their former or current range is given if a range map is not available. Habitat degradation is currently the main anthropogenic cause of species extinctions. The main cause of habitat degradation worldwide is agriculture, with urban sprawl, logging, mining and some fishing practices close behind. The physical destruction of a habitat, both directly (deforestation for land development or lumber) and indirectly (burning fossil fuels), is an example of this.[7][8] Disease can also be a factor: white nose syndrome in bats, for example, is causing a substantial decline in their populations and may even lead to the extinction of a species.[10] Overhunting also has an impact. Terrestrial mammals, such as the tiger and deer, are mainly hunted for their pelts and in some cases meat, and marine mammals can be hunted for their oil and leather. Specific targeting of one species can be problematic to the ecosystem because the sudden demise of one species can inadvertently lead to the demise of another (coextinction) especially if the targeted species is a keystone species. Sea otters, for example, were hunted in the maritime fur trade, and their drop in population led to the rise in sea urchins—their main food source—which decreased the population of kelp—the sea urchin's and Steller's sea cow's main food source—leading to the extinction of the Steller's sea cow.[11] The hunting of an already limited species can easily lead to its extinction, as with the bluebuck whose range was confined to 1,700 square miles (4,400 km2) and which was hunted into extinction soon after discovery by European settlers.[12] Island creatures are usually endemic to only that island, and that limited range and small population can leave them vulnerable to sudden changes.[13] While Australia is a continent and not an island, due to its geographical isolation, its unique fauna has suffered an extreme decline in mammal species, 10% of its 273 terrestrial mammals, since European settlement (a loss of one to two species per decade); in contrast, only one species in North America has become extinct since European settlement.[citation needed] Furthermore, 21% of Australia's mammals are threatened, and unlike in most other continents, the main cause is predation by feral species, such as cats.[14] A species is declared extinct after exhaustive surveys of all potential habitats eliminate all reasonable doubt that the last individual of a species, whether in the wild or in captivity, has died.[15] Recently extinct species are defined by the IUCN as becoming extinct after 1500 CE.[1] Common nameBinomial nameOrderDate of extinctionFormer rangePicture Broad-faced potoroo
Potorous platyops Gould, 1841 Diprotodontia 1889 1 Australia Lake Mackay hare-wallaby Lagorchestes asomatus Finlayson, 1943 Diprotodontia 1932 1 Australia Desert rat-kangaroo Caloprymnus campestris Gould, 1843 Diprotodontia 1935 1 Australia Thylacine, or Tasmanian wolf/tiger Thylacinus cynocephalus Harris, 1808 Dasyuromorphia 1936 1 Australia, Tasmania Toolache wallaby Macropus greyi Waterhouse, 1846 Diprotodontia 1939 1 Australia Desert bandicoot Perameles eremiana Spencer, 1837 Peramelemorphia 1943 1 Australia New South Wales barred bandicoot[16] Perameles fasciata Gray, 1841 Peramelemorphia mid-19th century Australia Southwestern barred bandicoot[16] Perameles myosuros Wagner, 1841 Peramelemorphia mid-19th century Australia Southern barred bandicoot[16] Perameles notina Thomas, 1922 Peramelemorphia mid-19th century Australia Nullarbor barred bandicoot[16] Perameles papillon Travouillon & Phillips, 2018 Peramelemorphia early 20th century Australia Lesser bilby, or Yallara Macrotis leucura Thomas, 1887 Peramelemorphia 1960s 1 Australia Southern pig-footed bandicoot Chaeropus ecaudatus Ogilby, 1838 Peramelemorphia 1950s 1 Australia Northern pig-footed bandicoot Chaeropus yirratji Travouillon et al., 2019 Peramelemorphia 1950s Crescent nail-tail wallaby Onychogalea lunata Gould, 1841 Diprotodontia 1956 1 Australia (western and central) Red-bellied gracile opossum, or red-bellied gracile mouse opossum Cryptonanus ignitus Díaz, Flores and Barquez, 2002 Didelphimorphia 1962 1 Argentina Nullarbor dwarf bettong Bettongia pusilla McNamara, 1997 Diprotodontia early 1500s 1 Australia (Nullarbor Plain) Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas von Zimmermann, 1780 Sirenia 1768 1 Commander Islands (Russia, United States) Bramble Cay melomys Melomys rubicola Thomas, 1924 Rodentia 2016 1 Australia (Bramble Cay) Oriente cave rat Boromys offella Miller, 1916 Rodentia early 1500s 1 Cuba Torre's cave rat Boromys torrei Allen, 1917 Rodentia early 1500s 1 Cuba Imposter hutia Hexolobodon phenax Miller, 1929 Rodentia early 1500s 1 Hispaniola (currently Haiti and the Dominican Republic) Montane hutia Isolobodon montanus Miller, 1922 Rodentia early 1500s 1 Hispaniola Dwarf viscacha Lagostomus crassus Thomas, 1910 Rodentia early 1900s 1 Peru Galápagos giant rat Megaoryzomys curioi Niethammer, 1964 Rodentia 1500s 1 Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos) Cuban coney Geocapromys columbianus Chapman, 1892 Rodentia early 1500s 1 Cuba Hispaniolan edible rat Brotomys voratus Miller, 1916 Rodentia 1536–1546 1 Hispaniola Puerto Rican hutia Isolobodon portoricensis Allen, 1916 Rodentia early 1900s 1 Hispaniola; introduced to Puerto Rico, Saint Thomas Island, Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and Mona Island Big-eared hopping mouse Notomys macrotis Thomas, 1921 Rodentia 1843 1 Australia (central Western Australia) Darling Downs hopping mouse Notomys mordax Thomas, 1921 Rodentia 1846 1 Australia (Darling Downs, Queensland) White-footed rabbit-rat Conilurus albipes Lichtenstein, 1829 Rodentia early 1860s 1 Australia (eastern coast) Capricorn rabbit rat Conilurus capricornensis Cramb and Hocknull, 2010 Rodentia early 1500s 1 Australia (Queensland) Short-tailed hopping mouse Notomys amplus Brazenor, 1936 Rodentia 1896 1 Australia (Great Sandy Desert) Long-tailed hopping mouse Notomys longicaudatus Gould, 1844 Rodentia 1901 1 Australia Great hopping mouse Notomys robustus Mahoney, Smith and Medlin, 2008 Rodentia mid-1800s 1 Australia (Flinders Ranges and Davenport Ranges) Desmarest's pilorie, or Martinique giant rice rat Megalomys desmarestii Fischer, 1829 Rodentia 1902 1 Martinique Saint Lucia pilorie, or Saint Lucia giant rice rat Megalomys luciae Major, 1901 Rodentia 1881 1 Saint Lucia Bulldog rat Rattus nativitatis Thomas, 1888 Rodentia 1903 1 Christmas Island Maclear's rat Rattus macleari Thomas, 1887 Rodentia 1903 1 Christmas Island Darwin's Galápagos mouse Nesoryzomys darwini Osgood, 1929 Rodentia 1930 1 Galápagos Islands Gould's mouse Pseudomys gouldii Waterhouse, 1839 Rodentia 1930 1 Australia (southern half) Plains rat, or Palyoora Pseudomys auritus Thomas, 1910 Rodentia early 1800s 1 Australia (Kangaroo Island and the Younghusband Peninsula) Pemberton's deer mouse Peromyscus pembertoni Burt, 1932 Rodentia 1931 1 San Pedro Nolasco Island, Mexico Samaná hutia Plagiodontia ipnaeum Johnson, 1948 Rodentia early 1500s [a] 1 Hispaniola Hispaniola monkey Antillothrix bernensis MacPhee, Horovitz, Arredondo, & Jimenez Vasquez, 1995 Primates early 16th century Hispaniola (currently Dominican Republic) Lesser stick-nest rat, or white-tipped stick-nest rat Leporillus apicalis John Gould, 1854 Rodentia 1933 1 Australia (west-central) Indefatigable Galápagos mouse Nesoryzomys indefessus Thomas, 1899 Rodentia 1934 1 Galápagos Islands Little Swan Island hutia Geocapromys thoracatus True, 1888 Rodentia 1955 1 Swan Islands, Honduras Blue-gray mouse Pseudomys glaucus Thomas, 1910 Rodentia 1956 1 Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) Buhler's coryphomys or Buhler's rat Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 Rodentia early 1500s 1 West Timor, Indonesia Insular cave rat Heteropsomys insulans Anthony, 1916 Rodentia early 1500s 1 Vieques Island, Puerto Rico Candango mouse Juscelinomys candango Moojen, 1965 Rodentia 1960 1 Central Brazil Anthony's woodrat Neotoma anthonyi Allen, 1898 Rodentia 1926 1 Isla Todos Santos, Mexico Bunker's woodrat Neotoma bunkeri Burt, 1932 Rodentia 1931 1 Coronado Islands, Mexico Vespucci's rodent Noronhomys vespuccii Carleton and Olson, 1999 Rodentia 1500 1 Fernando de Noronha, Brazil St. Vincent colilargo, or St. Vincent pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys victus Thomas, 1898 Rodentia 1892 1 Saint Vincent Jamaican rice rat Oryzomys antillarum Thomas, 1898 Rodentia 1877 1 Jamaica Nelson's rice rat Oryzomys nelsoni Merriam, 1889 Rodentia 1897 1 Islas Marías, Mexico Nevis rice rat, or St. Eustatius rice rat, St. Kitts rice rat Pennatomys nivalis Turvey, Weksler, Morris, and Nokkert, 2010 Rodentia early 1500s [b] 1 Sint Eustatius and Saint Kitts and Nevis Christmas Island pipistrelle Pipistrellus murrayi Andrews, 1900 Chiroptera 2009 1 Christmas Island Sardinian pika Prolagus sardus Wagner, 1832 Lagomorpha 1774 1 Corsica and Sardinia Marcano's solenodon Solenodon marcanoi Patterson, 1962 Eulipotyphla 1500s 1 Dominican Republic Puerto Rican nesophontes Nesophontes edithae Anthony, 1916 Eulipotyphla early 1500s 1 Puerto Rico, Vieques Island, Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands Atalaye nesophontes Nesophontes hypomicrus Miller, 1929 Eulipotyphla early 1500s 1 Hispaniola Greater Cuban nesophontes Nesophontes major Arredondo, 1970 Eulipotyphla early 1500s 1 Cuba Western Cuban nesophontes Nesophontes micrus Allen, 1917 Eulipotyphla early 1500s 1 Cuba (including Isla de la Juventud) St. Michel nesophontes Nesophontes paramicrus Miller, 1929 Eulipotyphla early 1500s 1 Hispaniola Haitian nesophontes Nesophontes zamicrus Miller, 1929 Eulipotyphla early 1500s 1 Haiti Lesser Mascarene flying fox, or dark flying fox Pteropus subniger kerr, 1792 Chiroptera 1864 1 Réunion, Mauritius Guam flying fox, or Guam fruit bat Pteropus tokudae Tate, 1934 Chiroptera 1968 1 Guam Dusky flying fox, or Percy Island flying fox Pteropus brunneus Dobson, 1878 Chiroptera 1870 1 Percy Islands (Australia) Large Palau flying fox Pteropus pilosus Andersen, 1908 Chiroptera 1874 1 Palau Large sloth lemur Palaeopropithecus ingens Grandidier, 1899 Primate 1620 1 In green Aurochs Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827 Artiodactyla 1627 1 Bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas, 1766 Artiodactyla 1800 1 Red gazelle Eudorcas rufina Thomas, 1894 Artiodactyla late 1800s 1 Algeria Schomburgk's deer Rucervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863 Artiodactyla 1932 1 Thailand Queen of Sheba's gazelle, or Yemen gazelle Gazella bilkis Grover and Lay, 1985 Artiodactyla 1951 1 Yemen Madagascan dwarf hippopotamus Hippopotamus lemerlei Milne-Edwards, 1868 Artiodactyla early 1500s [c] 1 Madagascar Falkland Islands wolf or warrah Dusicyon australis Kerr, 1792 Carnivora 1876 1 Falkland Islands - Dusicyon avus Burmeister, 1866 Carnivora early 1500s 1 Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay Mississippi Valley wolf Canis lupus gregoryi Goldman, 1937 Carnivora 1980 North America Sea mink Neogale macrodon Prentiss, 1903 Carnivora 1894 1 United States (Maine, Massachusetts) and Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland) Japanese sea lion Zalophus japonicus Peters, 1866 Carnivora 1970s 1 Japan, Korea, Russia Caribbean monk seal Neomonachus tropicalis Gray, 1850 Carnivora 1952 1 Caribbean Sea Giant fossa Cryptoprocta spelea Grandidier, 1902 Carnivora before 1658 1 Caucasian wisent Bison bonasus caucasicus Turkin and Satunin, 1904 Artiodactyla 1927 Europe Carpathian wisent Bison bonasus hungarorum Kretzoi, 1946 Artiodactyla 1852 Europe Quagga Equus quagga quagga Boddaert, 1785 Perissodactyla 1883 Africa Japanese Wolf Canis lupus hodophilax Temminick 1839 Carnivora 1905 Asia Hokkaido Wolf Canis lupus hattai Kishida, 1931 Carnivora 1889 Asia Atlas Bear Ursus arctos crowtheri Schinz, 1844 Carnivora 1890 Africa Bali Tiger Pantgera tigris balica Shwarz,1912 Carnivora 1950s Asia Caspian Tiger Panthera tigris virgata Illiger, 1815 Carnivora 1970s Asia Javan Tiger Panthera sondaica Temminick, 1844 Carnivora 1980s Asia Bubal hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus Pallas 1766 Artiodactyla 1925 Africa Portuguese ibex Capra pyrenaica lusitanica Schlegel, 1872 Artiodactyla 1892 Europe Pyrenean ibex Capra pyrenaica pyreneica Schinz, 1838 Artiodactyla 2000 Europe Western black rhinoceros Diceros bigornis longipes Zukowsky, 1999 Artiodactyla 2011 Africa Cape Lion Panthera leo melanochaita Smith, 1842 Carnivora mid 19th century Africa Barbary Lion Panthera leo leo Linnaeus, 1758 Carnivora 1960s Africa Southern Rocky Mountain wolf Canis lupus youngi Goldman, 1937 Carnivora 1935 North America Kenai Peninsula wolf Canis lupus alces Goldman, 1941 Carnivora 1925 North America Banks Island wolf Canis lupus bernardi Anderson, 1943 Carnivora 1952 North America Newfoundland wolf Canis lupus beothicus G.M Allen and Barbour, 1937 Carnivora 1911 North America Florida black wolf Canis lupus floridanus Miller, 1912 Carnivora 1934 North America Cascade Mountains wolf Canis lupus fuscus Richardson, 1839 Carnivora 1944 North America Mogollon mountain wolf Canis lupus mogollensis Goldman, 1937 Carnivora 1970s North America Manitoba Wolf Canis lupus griseoalbus Baitd, 1858 Canidae 20th century North America Texas wolf Canis lupus mosntrabilis Goldman, 1937 Carnivora 19th century North America Sicilian wolf Canis lupus cristaldii Angelici and Rossi, 2018 Carnivora 1924 Europe Mexican grizzly bear Ursus arctos nelsoni Merriam, 1914 Carnivora 1965 North America California grizzly bear Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896 Carnivora 1924 North America Tarpan Equus ferus ferus Boddaert, 1785 Perissodactyla 1909 Europe A species that is extinct in the wild is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as only known by living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range due to massive habitat loss. A species is declared extinct in the wild after thorough surveys have inspected its historic range and failed to find evidence of a surviving individual.[15] Extinction of taxa is difficult to detect, as a long gap without a sighting is not definitive. Some mammals declared as extinct may very well reappear.[1] For example, a study found that 36% of purported mammalian extinction had been resolved, while the rest either had validity issues (insufficient evidence) or had been rediscovered.[3] As of December 2015, the IUCN listed 30 mammalian species as "critically endangered (possibly extinct)".[4]
Common nameBinomial nameOrderLast confirmed sightingRangePicture Kouprey, Varona, 1970 Rodentia 1989 1[dead link] Cayo Maja, Cuba Christmas Island shrew Crocidura trichura Dobson, 1889 Eulipotyphla 1985 1 Wimmer's shrew Crocidura wimmeri de Balsac and Aellen, 1958 Eulipotyphla 1976 1 De Winton's golden mole Cryptochloris wintoni Broom, 1907 Eulipotyphla 1937 1 Baiji, or Yangtze river dolphin Lipotes vexillifer Miller, 1918 Cetacea 2002 [d] 1 Zuniga's dark rice rat Melanomys zunigae Sanborn Rodentia 1949 1 Peru Dwarf hutia Mesocapromys nanus Allen, 1917 Rodentia 1937 1 Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba San Felipe hutia, or Little earth hutia Mesocapromys sanfelipensis Varona & Garrido, 1970 Rodentia 1978 1 Cuba One-striped opossum Monodelphis unistriata Wagner, 1842 Didelphimorphia 1899 1 Gloomy tube-nosed bat Murina tenebrosa Yoshiyuki, 1970 Chiroptera 1962 1 Tsushima Island and possibly Yaku Island, Japan New Zealand greater short-tailed bat Mystacina robusta Dwyer, 1962 Chiroptera 1967 1 Big South Cape Island, New Zealand Ethiopian amphibious rat, or Ethiopian water mouse Nilopegamys plumbeus Osgood, 1928 Rodentia 1920s 1 Mouth of the Lesser Abay River, Ethiopia Lord Howe long-eared bat Nyctophilus howensis McKean, 1975 Chiroptera 1972 1 Lord Howe Island, Australia Angel Island mouse Peromyscus guardia Townsend, 1912 Rodentia 1991 1 Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Mexico Puebla deer mouse Peromyscus mekisturus Merriam, 1898 Rodentia 1950s 1 Ciudad Serdan and Tehuacán, Mexico Telefomin cuscus Phalanger matanim Flannery, 1987 Diprotodontia 1997 1 Montane monkey-faced bat Pteralopex pulchra Flannery, 1991 Chiroptera 1990s 1 Aru flying fox Pteropus aruensis Peter, 1867 Chiroptera 1877 1 Emma's giant rat Uromys emmae Groves and Flannery, 1994 Rodentia 1990s 1 Papua Province, Indonesia Emperor rat Uromys imperator Thomas, 1888 Rodentia 1888 1 Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands Guadalcanal rat Uromys porculus Thomas, 1904 Rodentia 1888 1 Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands Central rock rat Zyzomys pedunculatus Waite, 1896 Rodentia 2001 [e] 1 Malabar large-spotted civet, or Malabar civet Viverra civettina Blyth, 1862 Carnivora late 1900s [f] 1 How many species have been lost in the last 100 years?Extinctions have been a natural part of our planet's evolutionary history. More than 99% of the four billion species that have evolved on Earth are now gone. At least 900 species have gone extinct in the last five centuries. Only a small percentage of species have been evaluated for their extinction risk.
What animals have been extinct in the last 200 years?Thylacine. Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) is better known as the Tasmanian tiger, or thylacine. ... . Passenger Pigeon. Source. ... . Pyrenean Ibex. Source. ... . Golden Toad. Source. ... . Great Auk. Source. ... . Baiji White Dolphin. Source. ... . West African Black Rhinoceros. Source. ... . Japanese Sea Lion. Source.. What animals have been extinct since 1900?1900 Rocky mountain locust -- extinct from habitat conversion to farmland. 1936 Tasmanian wolf -- extinct from hunting, habitat loss, and competition with dogs. 1952 Deepwater cisco fish --extinct from competition and predation by introduced fishes.
What animals have went extinct in the last 20 years?Here's a look at some of the animals recently declared extinct or extinct in the wild.. of 11. Pinta Giant Tortoise. ... . of 11. Splendid Poison Frog. ... . of 11. Spix's Macaw. ... . of 11. Pyrenean Ibex. ... . of 11. Bramble Cay Melomys. ... . of 11. Western Black Rhino. ... . of 11. Moorean Viviparous Tree Snail. ... . of 11. Poo-uli.. |